What are the common types of industrial robots?

　　Cartesian robot: Moves along the X, Y, and Z linear axes; it features a simple structure and high precision, making it well suited for long‑distance linear operations such as loading/unloading on machine tools and cutting.

　　Cylindrical-coordinate robot: Composed of vertical lifting, radial extension/retraction, and horizontal rotation, it features a cylindrical workspace and is well suited for tasks requiring moderate flexibility.

　　Spherical-coordinate robot: Its position is defined by two rotational angles and one radial extension, offering a wide workspace but relatively low precision; it is now less commonly used.

　　Multi-joint robots: Mimic the structure of the human arm, typically featuring a 6-axis configuration with extremely high degrees of freedom, making them well-suited for tasks involving complex curved surfaces, such as welding, grinding, and assembly.

　　SCARA robot (Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm): A 4-axis configuration that offers flexible, high-speed motion in the horizontal plane and excellent rigidity in the vertical direction, ideally suited for high-speed planar assembly tasks such as component insertion in the 3C electronics industry.

　　Parallel robots (such as Delta robots): multi‑link closed‑loop mechanisms that drive a moving platform, offering high rigidity and extremely high speeds but limited travel ranges; they are used for high‑frequency sorting of light loads, such as food products and pharmaceutical tablets.

　　Welding robots: spot welding and arc welding, widely used in automotive body manufacturing.

　　Handling/Palletizing Robot: Transfers and stacks materials, often equipped with end-effectors such as grippers or vacuum cups.

　　Assembly robots: For assembling precision components, SCARA or multi‑joint robots are commonly used.

　　Spray‑coating robot: explosion‑proof design ensures uniform coating; commonly used in the automotive and home‑appliance industries.

　　Machining robots: perform processes such as grinding, deburring, and cutting.

　　Collaborative robots: Equipped with safe human–robot interaction capabilities, they can operate in the same workspace as humans and are well suited for small-batch, flexible manufacturing.